廣西獸醫(yī)研究所領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項(xiàng)流感監(jiān)測新研究表明,中國的活禽市場有時(shí)是低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAIV)的寄居地,這些病毒不會對禽類造成明顯傷害,但可能導(dǎo)致人類爆發(fā)嚴(yán)重的疾病。這項(xiàng)成果近期發(fā)表在《Scientific Reports》上。
在2012-2015年期間,研究人員從廣西多個(gè)活禽市場的雞、鴨和鵝中采集了3,800多個(gè)拭子樣本,并對甲型流感病毒開展了測序。他們的分析表明,根據(jù)流感病毒血凝素蛋白(HA)的抗原特征,大約16%的樣本包含低致病性禽流感病毒,至少有六種亞型:H1、H3、H4、H6、H9或H11。
有意思的是,研究人員還發(fā)現(xiàn),鴨經(jīng)常攜帶H3亞型的流感病毒,鵝往往攜帶H6亞型流感病毒。而H9流感病毒在雞身上最常見。不過,超過四分之一的LPAIV陽性樣本含有不止一種亞型的流感病毒,這為病毒重排和重組創(chuàng)造了環(huán)境。
過去,低致病性禽流感病毒在全球疾病控制項(xiàng)目中往往被忽視,因?yàn)樗鼈兒苌僭诩仪莼蚱渌B類中引起疾病。不過,研究人員指出,LPAIV的遺傳重排和重組有很大機(jī)會造成快速且明顯的病毒改變。這些改變有可能產(chǎn)生毒力增強(qiáng)的新病毒,對家禽和人類健康造成嚴(yán)重威脅。
在這項(xiàng)監(jiān)測研究中,研究人員從廣西21個(gè)活禽市場的雞鴨鵝中采集了3,813個(gè)口咽和泄殖腔拭子樣本。他們利用病毒分離、血凝抑制分析和病毒測序,確定了622個(gè)拭子樣本中帶有低致病性禽流感病毒:161個(gè)雞樣本、402個(gè)鴨樣本和59個(gè)鵝樣本。他們指出,在處理鵝樣本時(shí),LPAIV的分離是最成功的。
研究人員報(bào)告稱,LPAIV陽性組包含了六種已知的HA亞型以及一些未知的HA亞型。其中,160個(gè)樣本存在不止一種HA亞型的混合感染。143只禽類攜帶了兩種HA亞型的LPAIV,而十幾只禽類至少攜帶三種亞型。更甚的是,一只鴨子攜帶了六種HA亞型。
“不同HA亞型在同一只禽類上的共同感染帶來巨大的基因重排風(fēng)險(xiǎn),這可能導(dǎo)致新的禽流感病毒亞型產(chǎn)生,”作者寫道。“此外,通過不同來源的病毒之間的重排,混合感染增加了病毒多樣性。”
這項(xiàng)研究表明低致病性禽流感病毒在這一地區(qū)的家禽中廣泛流行,它的遺傳學(xué)和進(jìn)化需要進(jìn)一步的研究。目前,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)將血凝素(HA)和神經(jīng)氨酸酶(NA)基因的序列提交給NCBI的BLAST數(shù)據(jù)庫。
Surveillance of Live Poultry Markets for Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Guangxi Province, Southern China, from 2012–2015
Abstract
Infections with low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) can be mild or asymptomatic in poultry; however, in humans, LPAIVs can cause severe infections and death, as demonstrated by the H7N9 and H10N8 human infection outbreaks in 2013 in China. In this study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of LPAIVs at live poultry markets (LPMs) in Guangxi Province, Southern China, which is near several Southeast Asian countries. From January 2012 to December 2015, we collected 3,813 swab samples from poultry at LPMs in Guangxi. Viral isolation, hemagglutination inhibition assay and viral sequencing were utilized to identify LPAIVs in the collected samples. Among the samples, 622 (16.3%) were positive for LPAIVs. Six subtypes (H1, H3, H4, H6, H9 and H11) were individually isolated and identified. Of these subtypes, H3, H6 and H9 were predominant in ducks, geese and chickens, respectively. Among the 622 positive samples, 160 (25.7%) contained more than one subtype, and H8, H10, H12, H13, and H16 were identified among them, which highlights the continuous need for enhanced surveillance of AIVs. These results provide detailed information regarding the epidemic situation of LPAIVs in the area, which can aid efforts to prevent and control AIV transmission in humans and animals.
(原標(biāo)題:Scientific Reports:聚焦廣西活禽市場低致病性禽流感病毒流行概況)
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