22.1最佳的配種方案

Optimal Mating Strategy

后備母豬在第二次發(fā)情時(shí)配種，至少7.5月齡。

The gilt is mated in her second heat, with a minimumof 7.5 months of age.

后備母豬要在預(yù)期交配前的7-14天進(jìn)行短期優(yōu)飼。

Gilts should be flflushed 7-14 days before anticipated mating.

后備母豬授精時(shí)，安靜的環(huán)境有利于出現(xiàn)靜立反射。后備母豬要在限位欄或小的穩(wěn)定群體中授精。

When gilts are inseminated, they must have calm around them to show standing heat. The gilt isinseminated in a box or in small stable groups.

授精時(shí)，后備母豬要和公豬進(jìn)行口鼻接觸，并通過發(fā)情鑒定的“5個(gè)要點(diǎn)”來刺激發(fā)情。

By insemination the gilts must have snout contact with the boar and the heat must be found with the5-point plan.

后備母豬要間隔12個(gè)小時(shí)復(fù)/重配。

Gilts should be mated with an interval of 12 hours.

配種或人工授精后，后備母豬要保持安靜。

After mating or artifificial insemination the gilts must have peace.

缺乏對(duì)后備母豬群的管理會(huì)導(dǎo)致配種超前。

Lack of control of the gilt pool can lead to mating of gilts before they reach the optimum age.

22.3補(bǔ)充說明: 配種方案 –后備母豬

Additional Comments: Mating Strategy – Gilts

若后備母豬在第二次發(fā)情時(shí)配種，總產(chǎn)仔數(shù)會(huì)增加一頭。初配時(shí)后備母豬最好是7.5-9月齡。后備母豬在第三次發(fā)情時(shí)才配種，對(duì)窩產(chǎn)仔數(shù)也沒有影響。建議初配時(shí)：

The gilt is mated in the second heat, since total born piglets’ increases with one piglet. The gilt should still preferably be between 7.5 and 9 months of age by fifirst mating. There is no decrease in litter size if the gilt is fifirstly mated in the third heat. It is recommended that the fifirst mating occurs:

后備母豬第二次發(fā)情。

In the gilts second heat.

7.5-9月齡。

At the age of 7.5 to 9 months.

體重130-140公斤。

With a weight of 130-140 kg.

后備母豬超過9月齡時(shí)，要在第一次觀察到發(fā)情時(shí)就配種。

When the gilt is more than 9 months it must be mated in the fifirst observed heat.

對(duì)限飼的后備母豬要在配種前7-14天進(jìn)行短期優(yōu)飼（最少每天3.5-4個(gè)飼料單位），這能使母豬釋放更多的卵子。切記配種后要根據(jù)體況，減少后備母豬的飼料量至2.5-2.8個(gè)飼料單位/天。

Gilts that have received restricted feeding should be flflushed 7 to 14 days before mating (min. 3.5-4 FU per day) it offffers more loosened eggs. Remember to decrease the gilts feed after mating to 2.5-2.8 FU depending on the body condition.

短期優(yōu)飼提供了后備母豬配種時(shí)較好的能量平衡，這是對(duì)母豬繁殖來說最好的開始。只要觀察到后備母豬的初次發(fā)情，就很容易準(zhǔn)時(shí)地進(jìn)行短期優(yōu)飼。

Flushing gives the gilt a positive energy balance up to mating, which gives the best possible start for the animals’ reproduction. When the gilts fifirst heat is observed once, it is easy to flflush it at the right time.

由于大群體的后備母豬包括配種過的和處于繁殖周期不同階段的后備母豬，所以在大群體中授精的后備母豬沒有機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)很好的靜立反射。建議后備母豬要在限位欄或小的、穩(wěn)定的群體中授精。關(guān)鍵是在授精時(shí)創(chuàng)造安靜的環(huán)境，一個(gè)有效的方法是在公豬前面的通道對(duì)分離出的后備母豬進(jìn)行授精。

Gilts that are inseminated in large groups get no rest to exercise standing heat, because in the group are gilts that are mated and gilts in various stages of the cycle. The recommendations are that the gilt should be inseminated in a box or in small stable groups where there is a stable hierarchy. The key is to create most calm during insemination. One possibility might be to isolate the gilts in the hallway in front of the boar.

當(dāng)后備母豬在授精時(shí)，要能夠看到、聞到、聽到公豬并與公豬進(jìn)行口鼻接觸。這有助于刺激母豬并增加催產(chǎn)素的分泌。一次成功的發(fā)情鑒定“5個(gè)要點(diǎn)”的實(shí)施，可以明確判斷后備母豬是否發(fā)情。

The gilts should be able to see, smell, hear and be allowed snout contact with the boar when they arebeing inseminated. It helps stimulating the sow and increases the oxytocin secretion. A good 5 point plan means that there will be no doubt about whether the gilt is in heat or not.

由于后備母豬的發(fā)情期比經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬的短，所以建議兩次配種之間最好間隔12個(gè)小時(shí)。如果達(dá)到24個(gè)小時(shí)的間隔，那么更多的后備母豬可能只能授精一次。如果兩次授精不能間隔12個(gè)小時(shí)，最好的解決方法是上午上班后的第一件事和下午下班前的最后一件事都是給后備母豬授精。后備母豬在靜立反射結(jié)束前均可授精。如果沒有可用的精液或后備母豬很難出現(xiàn)靜立反射，可以讓公豬和它進(jìn)行自然交配。

Since the gilts heat is shorter than the sows, it is advantageous to inseminate the gilt with 12-hourinterval. If it takes 24 hours in between, there will be more gilt, which can only be inseminated once. If it is not possible to obtain 12 hours between inseminations, it will be a solution to inseminate thegilts fifirst thing in the morning and the last thing before going home in the afternoon. The gilts shouldbe inseminated until they no longer exhibit shows standing heat. If there is no semen available or the gilt is hard to get in standing heat, it may be advantageous to let the boar mate her.

研究結(jié)果表明對(duì)年輕母豬而言，授精后保持安靜對(duì)其有正面影響。后備母豬亦然。最佳做法是在配種后，讓后備母豬在欄位內(nèi)待2個(gè)小時(shí)。通過自然交配的經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬或后備母豬，可讓它和公豬一起待2個(gè)小時(shí)。

It is shown that peace after insemination has a positive effffect in young sows. It is reasonable toassume that the effffect also will be positive for gilts. Best practice is to place the gilts in a box up to 2 hours after mating. By natural mating the sow or gilt is allowed to stay with the boar in the 2 hours.