思考：斷奶到育肥模式成功的關(guān)鍵是什么？

斷奶到育肥模式成功的關(guān)鍵是什么？是營(yíng)造豬舍舒適的局部環(huán)境。如何給你的斷奶仔豬提供最舒適的局部環(huán)境溫度，這是最重要的。本文分別從實(shí)體躺臥區(qū)、加熱、熱輻射類型及吊頂進(jìn)氣口等方面給予農(nóng)場(chǎng)主良好建議。

Weaning young pigs in a building designed to meet the needs of market hogs requires creating small areas or "microclimates" that more closely imitate temperatures found in traditional nurseries.斷奶到育肥模式下的豬舍，設(shè)計(jì)須符合生豬市場(chǎng)需求且能給斷奶仔豬提供更接近傳統(tǒng)保育舍環(huán)境的小區(qū)域或者“微氣候”區(qū)。

Solid laying area實(shí)體躺臥區(qū)

Provide a solid laying area of 0.3 to 0.34 square feet per pig to increase comfort and eliminate drafts. The most common of these temporary mats is a reinforced rubber mat with a raised feed lip around the perimeter. Because these mats are heavy, weighing over two pounds per square foot, producers may choose to use two mats per pen for easier handling or a lighter polyethylene mat weighing in at just over a half pound per square foot.

每頭豬應(yīng)提供0.3至0.34平方英尺（相當(dāng)于0.027-0.031平方米）堅(jiān)實(shí)的躺臥面積，以提高豬只舒適度、消除賊風(fēng)。最常見的墊子是加固加強(qiáng)的橡膠墊，周邊一圈有凸起的邊緣。因?yàn)檫@些橡膠墊很重，每平方英尺重量超過2磅（相當(dāng)于每平方米9.76公斤），農(nóng)場(chǎng)主一般會(huì)每個(gè)大欄使用兩個(gè)墊子，這樣操作簡(jiǎn)便，或使用材質(zhì)更輕的聚乙烯墊子，重量?jī)H為每平方英尺半磅多一點(diǎn)（相當(dāng)于每平方米2.44公斤）。

Heating加熱

Radiant heat is the perfect application for creating the microclimate needed for weaned pigs. By directing the heat at the pigs, we can increase the localized environment for the pigs without having to raise the temperature in the entire room. Forced air heaters regulate the room temperature to between 75 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit while the radiant heat maintains a microclimate of 90 degrees at pig level. Gradually reduce the radiant temperature over 28 days until it meets the target room temperature, at which time the brooders are removed and stored.

在為滿足市場(chǎng)需求而設(shè)計(jì)的建筑物中，斷奶仔豬需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造舒適小區(qū)域或“微氣候”輻射區(qū)，這是為斷奶仔豬創(chuàng)造所需的“微氣候”最好的方式。通過將熱量直接導(dǎo)向豬身上，我們可以調(diào)整豬的局部環(huán)境溫度，而不必提高整個(gè)房間的溫度。強(qiáng)力空氣加熱器可將室內(nèi)溫度升高到75至80華氏度（23-26攝氏度）之間，而熱輻射保溫可以將豬群所在局部環(huán)境溫度保持在90華氏度（32攝氏度）。在28天內(nèi)逐漸降低輻射溫度，直至達(dá)到目標(biāo)室內(nèi)溫度，然后拆除保溫傘并儲(chǔ)存。

Types of radiant heat熱輻射加熱類型

Electric heat lamps are the least expensive type of radiant to install and regulate in a building. Installation amounts to placing several lamps with 250-watt bulbs over the laying area in each pen and adjusting the height until reaching the desired floor temperature. A simple thermostat with a remote sensor regulates the lamp output. Disadvantages include higher energy costs and bulb replacement.

保溫?zé)羰怯糜谪i舍安裝并能調(diào)節(jié)使用最便宜的輻射源。相當(dāng)于在每個(gè)圍欄的躺臥區(qū)域上方懸掛幾盞250瓦的燈泡，通過調(diào)整燈泡高度，實(shí)現(xiàn)所需要的地面溫度。也可以安裝一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的恒溫器與遙感裝置來調(diào)節(jié)保溫?zé)舻臒崃枯敵觥Ｊ褂帽責(zé)舻娜秉c(diǎn)主要是能耗較高和燈泡損壞須勤更換。

Individual infrared gas brooders are the most popular form of radiant heat in wean-finish applications. Though higher in initial cost, these small 10,000 to 17,000 BTU brooders are powerful enough to heat a floor area suitable for 100 to 150 weaned pigs. A sensor mounted under one of the brooders transmits a signal to a control panel regulating the gas flow. Both on/off and modulating control panels are available depending on producer preference. Gas-fired brooders will typically have lower operating costs than electric systems.

燃?xì)獗貍闶钱?dāng)前運(yùn)用于斷奶到育肥模式下最常見的熱輻射保溫方式。盡管它的初始成本較高，但是這些小型的10000-17000 BTU（功率2.93-4.98KW）保溫傘可以為100-150頭斷奶豬提供足夠的熱量。保溫傘底下安裝有一個(gè)傳感器，通過將信號(hào)傳遞給控制面板，從而調(diào)節(jié)燃?xì)饬康拇笮?。農(nóng)場(chǎng)主可以選擇開關(guān)方式和可調(diào)節(jié)方式的控制面板。燃?xì)獗貍闩c傳統(tǒng)的電加熱系統(tǒng)相比，運(yùn)行成本也要更低。

Final Consideration-Air Inlets最后考慮-吊頂進(jìn)氣口

Air from poorly managed inlets can cause pig-chilling drafts to occur in the weaning microclimate. Leaks around curtains, doors and fans can reduce airspeed, allowing cold incoming air to fall to the floor without proper mixing. Good barn management includes tightening up the building envelope so the incoming airspeeds reach 800 to 1,000 feet per minute and mix with warmer ceiling air before tumbling to the floor.

從管理不善的進(jìn)氣口進(jìn)來的氣流會(huì)導(dǎo)致斷奶仔豬發(fā)生冷應(yīng)激。卷簾、門和風(fēng)機(jī)周圍的漏氣會(huì)降低空氣流動(dòng)速度，使進(jìn)來的冷空氣沒有得到充分混合就掉落到地板上。良好的豬舍管理意味著建筑物氣密性要好，當(dāng)室外的冷氣流以每分鐘800到1000英尺/分鐘（相當(dāng)于4-5米/ 秒）速度進(jìn)入室內(nèi)，能與天花板下溫暖的空氣混合，然后再掉落到地面。所以進(jìn)氣口與建筑物氣密性管理應(yīng)引起農(nóng)場(chǎng)主的重視！