A new study on precision farming has demonstrated the importance of collecting big data on swine farms, having those transformed into decision making tools and thus maximising profitability. Essentially, such a management system needs to be developed in 5 steps.

一項關于精準養(yǎng)殖的新研究表明了，收集豬場大數據、將其轉化為決策工具、從而實現盈利最大化的重要性。從本質上講，這樣一個管理系統(tǒng)需要通過5個步驟來開發(fā)。

The study was recently published in the scientific publication Animal Frontiers, a journal of the American Society of Animal Science. The article was authored by a range of pig experts from Spain, Ireland and Japan.

這項研究最近發(fā)表在美國動物科學學會的期刊《動物前沿》上，文章由來自西班牙、愛爾蘭及日本的養(yǎng)豬專家撰寫。

In the article, the authors explain that key in these developments are new technologies such as electronic feeders and artificial intelligence systems capturing big data will provide a better understanding of animal requirements and behaviour, increasing efficiency and sustainability.

在該文章中，作者解釋成，這些發(fā)展的關鍵是新技術，如電子飼喂器以及捕捉大數據的人工智能系統(tǒng)，這些將更好地理解動物的需求和行為，從而提高效率和可持續(xù)性。

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In addition, biosecurity can be improved using tracking devices for farm staff, recording movements real-time to decrease disease risks and consequently, improve health and productive performance.

再者，通過讓豬場工作人員使用跟蹤設備、實時記錄行動軌跡，可以改進生物安全，因為減少了疾病風險，改善了體況和生產性能。

No strong farm analysis purpose

沒有很強的分析目的

The authors explain that most of the data used by farmers have been related to the management of farm tasks, but not too much for analysis purposes. Most of them related to sow reproductive data or basic production summaries. Integration of data from different sources, think of slaughterhouse, lab, reproduction, health, or medicine use, was difficult and rare, according to the authors. And on top of that, there were few data support services assisting swine producers to get any further.

作者解釋說，養(yǎng)豬戶使用的大部分數據都與豬場任務的管理有關，但沒有太多用于分析目的。其中大多數與母豬繁殖數據或基本生產總結有關。作者認為，整合來自不同來源的數據，比如屠宰場、實驗室、生殖、健康或藥物使用，既困難又罕見。最重要的是，幾乎沒有數據支持服務來幫助養(yǎng)豬戶取得任何進展。

Examples of using data in arable farming has shown that it is possible, the authors wrote. Ideally, such a management system should consist of 5 steps:

作者寫道，在可耕地上使用數據的例子表明，這是可行的。理想情況下，這樣的管理系統(tǒng)應該包括5個步驟:

1 Data collection

The authors wrote that data are the raw material of the system and can come from human inputs or sensor-robots. Until now, data consisted only of numbers, but the sector is coming closer to the use of images and sounds.

1 數據采集

作者寫道，數據是系統(tǒng)的原材料，可以來自人類輸入或傳感器機器人。到目前為止，數據僅由數字組成，但未來越來與有可能使用圖像和聲音。

2 Data processing

Data processing is related to the manipulation of data, including several tasks such as validation, sorting or aggregation, management of outliers and missing data. The objective is the correct set-up of databases that allows proper information generation, overcoming interoperability problems.

2 數據處理

數據處理與數據操作相關，包括驗證、排序或聚合、管理異常值和丟失的數據等幾個任務。其目標是正確地設置數據庫，以便正確地生成信息，克服互操作性問題。

3 Reporting

From sow cards or working lists up to multivariate regression analysis to define the optimum value for a certain key performance indicator, every farm or company must decide the information needed from every work level, not forgetting that this could be either technical, economical, or a combination of the 2.

3 數據報告

從母豬卡或工作單到定義某一關鍵績效指標的最優(yōu)值的多元回歸分析，每個農場或公司都必須確定每個工作級別所需的信息，別忘了可以是技術層面或經濟層面，也可以是兩者的結合。

4 Distribution

The objective of this step is sending the right information to the right person at the right time. User preferences must also be considered and can include various types.

4 數據分配

這一步的目標是在正確的時間向正確的人發(fā)送正確的信息。還必須考慮用戶首選項，可以包括各種類型。

5 Analytics and decision making

Information must be readable and understood by the recipient, and the recipient must have sufficient time to make key decisions. Until now, analytics were aimed at being mainly explanatory, but due to the amount of quality data available, predictive analytics is becoming a key step.

5 數據分析及決策

信息必須可為接收者閱讀和理解，并且，接收者必須有足夠的時間做出關鍵決定。到目前為止，分析的目的主要是解釋，但受限于可用的高質量數據的數量，預測分析正成為一個關鍵步驟。

The authors mentioned much technology which can help acquire and interpret data. They mentioned for instance:

作者提到了許多有助于獲取和解讀數據的技術。例如，他們提到:

Data collection performed by robots and sensors

由機器人和傳感器完成數據收集

This technology includes a range of technology that can measure, observe and interpret pig and sow behaviour. Some are well-known, others are brand new. Think of:

這項技術包括一系列可以測量、觀察和解讀豬及母豬行為的技術。有些是我們熟知的，有些是全新的。比如:

Oestrus behaviour: PigWatch, by Canadian company Ro-Main is a computerised artificial insemination management system designed to predict the best time to inseminate recently weaned sows. It consists of motion sensors installed on the top of every stall in the breeding area, a data analysis module and a software user interface.

發(fā)情行為:加拿大公司Ro-Main開發(fā)的PigWatch是一個計算機化的人工授精管理系統(tǒng)，旨在預測近期斷奶母豬的最佳授精時間。由安裝在繁殖區(qū)每一個畜欄頂部的運動傳感器、一個數據分析模塊和一個軟件用戶界面組成。

Eating behaviour in gestating sows: This behaviour is usually monitored using an ear transponder with radio frequency identification (RFID) that identifies the individual animal at each visit to the feeder.

妊娠母豬的進食行為:這種行為通常通過帶有射頻識別(RFID)的耳朵應答器進行監(jiān)控，該設備在每次這頭豬前去進食時都能識別出來。

Eating behaviour in lactating sows: Similar electronic sow feeder systems are also available for lactating sows, which are individually housed. New options allowing the sow to choose how much and when to eat have recently arrived at the market (Gestal Solo, Jyga Technologies), thus enabling the farmer to know the lactation intake pattern. ESF systems are also available for grow-finishing pigs.

哺乳期母豬的進食行為:類似的電子喂豬系統(tǒng)也可用于單獨飼養(yǎng)的哺乳期母豬。最近市場上出現了允許母豬選擇吃多少和什么時候吃的新產品(Gestal Solo, Jyga Technologies)，養(yǎng)豬戶因而有機會了解哺乳期的飼喂模式。電子母豬飼喂（ESF）系統(tǒng)也可用于生長肥育豬。

Early disease detection based on image analytics: A motion-based video system for early disease detection has recently been described.

基于圖像分析的早期疾病檢測:這是一種通過記錄生豬行動，進行早期疾病檢測的視頻系統(tǒng)。

Environment-oriented data

以環(huán)境為導向的數據

Thanks to the development of new technologies, farmers are now able to continuously monitor, air quality, temperature, and humidity in real time via sensors. Recently, EU-funded ProHealth project showed how big data could be used to fight diseases.

得益于新技術的發(fā)展，養(yǎng)豬戶現在可以持續(xù)通過傳感器實時監(jiān)測空氣質量、溫度和濕度。最近，歐盟資助的ProHealth項目展示了如何利用大數據對抗疾病。

Real-time biosecurity control

實時生物安全控制

Models to assess biosecurity are based on scoring systems or survey forms. A new approach addresses biosecurity is the use of real-time devices (B-eSecure System) to control the internal movement of farm staff.

評估生物安全的模型基于評分系統(tǒng)或調查表格。一種解決生物安全問題的新方法是使用實時設備(B-eSecure系統(tǒng))來控制工作人員在場內的移動。

The article was written by Carlos Pi?eiro, Maria Aparicio, Joaquín Morales and María Rodríguez, PigChamp Pro Europa, Spain; Edgar García Manzanilla, Teagasc, Ireland; Yuzo Koketsu, Meiji University, Japan.

這篇文章是由西班牙的Carlos Pineiro、Maria Aparicio、Joaquin Morales、Maria Rodriguez、PigChamp Pro Europa；愛爾蘭的Edgar García Manzanilla,、Teagasc，以及日本明治大學的Yuzo Koketsu共同撰寫而成。