應(yīng)部分讀者要求，現(xiàn)將昨天原文及翻譯文章匯編如下

Over the last several decades there have been several suggestions on how to feed the gestating sow, and recently several of those practices have been debunked and have actually shown to have more detrimental effects than they do beneficial effects.

I think part of the reason we have been making these discoveries is that we now have a greater understanding of the sows’ physiological processes.

在過去的幾十年，有一些關(guān)于如何喂養(yǎng)妊娠母豬的理論，最近其中一些做法被證明是無效的，甚至還有負(fù)作用。

我認(rèn)為做出這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的部分原因是我們現(xiàn)在對母豬的生理過程有了更深入的了解。

For starters, one main theory that has been backed up by several studies is that the sow prioritizes the requirements of the fetus over her own nutritional requirements during late gestation.

首先，有幾項(xiàng)研究支持的一個主要理論是，母豬在妊娠后期優(yōu)先考慮胎兒的需求，而不是她自己的營養(yǎng)需求。

Over the last 20 years, there have been several studies that have fed more feed during various stages of gestation, however, there was little to no differences in these studies. One study done by Buitrago et al. (1974) showed that there was no statistical difference in average piglet birth weight when feeding gestating sows 1.5 vs 2.4 kg per day during late gestation. However, bump feeding, the practice of increasing the amount of feed given to sows in late gestation, is still practiced by some swine producers.

在過去的20年里，有幾項(xiàng)研究在妊娠的不同階段飼喂了更多的飼料，然而，這些研究幾乎沒有差異。Buitrago等人（1974）的一項(xiàng)研究表明，在妊娠后期每天喂養(yǎng)妊娠母豬1.5kg和2.4kg時，仔豬平均出生體重沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。然而，一些養(yǎng)豬戶仍然在實(shí)行攻胎喂養(yǎng)，即增加妊娠后期喂料量的做法。

There have been several studies as well that have shown that bump feeding has little and often no effect on the birth weight of the piglets. This again reinforces the theory stated earlier, because the sow is already giving the fetus the nutrients that it requires by metabolizing nutrients from her own body, so any extra nutrients that are fed are only going to affect the weight of the sow, not the litter.

也有一些研究表明，攻胎喂養(yǎng)對仔豬的出生體重幾乎沒有影響，而且通常也沒有影響。這再次強(qiáng)化了前面所說的理論，因?yàn)槟肛i已經(jīng)通過代謝自己身體的營養(yǎng)來為胎兒提供所需的營養(yǎng)，所以任何額外的營養(yǎng)只會影響母豬的體重，而不是窩仔重。

Not only will bump feeding cost you a lot more with higher feed costs, but it can actually have a detrimental effect on the sow as well. Since she is fatter, she will tire faster during labor thus increasing the number of stillborns. It has been shown that fat sows have higher pre-weaning mortality.

這不僅會增加飼養(yǎng)成本，而且實(shí)際也會對母豬產(chǎn)生不利影響。由于她更肥胖，她在分娩時更容易疲勞，從而增加死胎的數(shù)量。研究表明，肥胖母豬在斷奶前的死亡率更高。

A study by Thomas et al. (2018) showed that though increasing the lysine amount during late gestation did not increase birth weight, it did reduce the number of stillborn piglets. This again reinforces the fact that fat sows tire faster during labor, but a more muscular sow will have greater endurance, thus potentially increasing the number of pigs born alive. Studies have consistently shown that the more you feed the sow during gestation, the less feed she will eat during lactation resulting in her losing more weight during lactation which is not good.

Thomas等人（2018）的一項(xiàng)研究表明，雖然在妊娠后期增加賴氨酸量并沒有增加出生體重，但它確實(shí)減少了死產(chǎn)仔豬的數(shù)量。這再次驗(yàn)證這樣一個事實(shí)，即肥母豬在分娩時更容易疲勞，但肌肉更發(fā)達(dá)的母豬會有更大的耐力，從而可能增加活著出生的豬的數(shù)量。研究一致表明，你在妊娠期間給她喂得越多，她在哺乳期吃的飼料就越少，導(dǎo)致她在哺乳期體重減輕得越多，這其實(shí)并不科學(xué)。

We did a study back in 2016 that showed that increasing lysine during late gestation had no effect on the birth weight of the piglets, however, increasing energy intake while keeping amino acids fixed from about an equivalent of 4 lb (or 1.8 kg; 4.5 Mcal NE/day) to 6 lb (or 2.7 kg; 6.75 Mcal NE/day) increased birth weight by about 30 grams. We theorize that this slight increase in birth weight will rarely translate into a larger weaning weight as it is most likely due to increased glycogen reserves which will be quickly burnt up shortly after birth. Now let's think of a scenario that which this weight gain did follow through to market, and increased survival rate... when we ran economics we also saw that it was economically not beneficial due to the increased feed costs offsetting the economic profits from the increased performance.

2016年我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)曾經(jīng)做過一個研究，該研究表明，在妊娠后期增加賴氨酸對仔豬的出生體重沒有影響；然而，當(dāng)保持氨基酸含量不變，把能量水平從大約相當(dāng)于4磅飼料（或1.8公斤；4.5 Mcal NE/天），提高到6磅飼料（或2.7公斤；6.75 Mcal NE/天），可以增加出生體重約30克。

我們推測，初生重的這種輕微的增加很少會轉(zhuǎn)化為更大的斷奶體重，因?yàn)槌跎氐脑黾雍芸赡苁怯捎谧胸i糖原儲備增加，而糖原儲備在出生后不久就會迅速燃燒殆盡。我們現(xiàn)在來想象一個場景，即使這部分增加的體重最終一直被延續(xù)到了出欄，以及增加了存活率。。。但是，當(dāng)你回頭來計(jì)算投入產(chǎn)出的時候，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這并不合算，因?yàn)轱暳铣杀镜脑黾拥窒诵阅芴岣邘淼慕?jīng)濟(jì)利潤。

Now... I do not know what you love in life... but I love The Sow Caliper.

The caliper developed by Dr. Mark Knauer is not perfect, but it does a wonderful job of estimating the body condition of the sow. There are always too many opinions and no one knows who is right. Using the caliper forces the production systems to have "one opinion" - backed by science by the way, so not really an opinion ;

現(xiàn)在我不知道你們的愛好……但我喜歡使用母豬卡尺。

由馬克·克瑙爾博士開發(fā)的卡尺并不完美，但它在估計(jì)母豬的身體狀況方面做得很好?？傆刑嗟囊庖姡瑳]有人知道誰是對的。使用母豬卡尺迫使生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)有“一個意見”——順便說一下，要有科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)支持，所以不一定是唯一正確的。

Consistency is king.

一致性才是王道。

We can use that information to save money by feeding fat sows less feed to decrease body condition which will not affect the litter during late gestation.

One last thing to keep in mind, younger females have a higher amino acid requirement than older sows. Whenever possible, feeding separate diets by parity category (gilts, P1, and P2 versus P3+) can help save money by more accurately meeting the requirements of the animals and not overfeeding the sows.

我們可以利用這些信息來降低成本，通過喂養(yǎng)母豬減少飼料，以減少身體狀況，這不會影響妊娠后期的母豬。

最后一件要記住的事情是，年輕的頭胎母豬比年長的母豬需要更高的氨基酸需求。在可能的情況下，按胎次類別(母豬、P1、P2和P3+)分別喂養(yǎng)飼糧，可以更準(zhǔn)確地滿足動物的要求，而不是過度喂養(yǎng)母豬，從而幫助節(jié)省資金。

That is all I had. Any thoughts?

Have a great weekend,

Marcio

這就是我想說的一切。各位有什么想法嗎？

祝你周末愉快，

馬西奧

資料來源：pig site

網(wǎng)址：Feeding the gestating sow | The Pig Site