如果我們無動(dòng)于衷，到2050年全球?qū)⒂?億人死于抗生素耐藥性

If we don’t take actions, 300 million people will die from antimicrobial resistance by 2050

正文：

還記得兩年前關(guān)于“抗生素可致兒童肥胖”的話題么!復(fù)旦大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院調(diào)查了上海586名8-11歲學(xué)齡兒童的尿中檢測(cè)出了21種抗生素中的一種或多種。

2015年，應(yīng)光國課題組發(fā)布了中國第一份抗生素使用量和排放量清單，結(jié)果顯示：2013年中國抗生素總用量約為16.2萬噸，占全球一半的用量，其中52%為獸用抗生素。

Do you remember the topic of "the antibiotics can cause obesity in the children" two years ago? The Fudan University School of Public Health made a research and the result showed that one or more of 21 antibiotics existed in the urine of 586 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years in Shanghai.

In 2015, the research group led by Dr. Ying Guangguo released China's first list of antibiotic use and emissions. The results showed that in 2013, the total amount of antibiotics used in China was approximately 162,000 tons, accounting for half of the world's usage amount, 52% of which were veterinary antibiotics.

其實(shí)，抗生素耐藥性的問題，不僅在中國，在全球都是一個(gè)十分嚴(yán)重的問題，在5月30日中歐飼用抗生素替代品高層研討會(huì)上，中國飼料行業(yè)信息網(wǎng)若南有幸采訪到PA國際基金會(huì)秘書長(zhǎng)Rio D. Praaning Prawira Adiningrat先生，就抗生素耐藥性的問題作了詳細(xì)的采訪。

In fact, the problem of antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem not only in China but also globally. During the Quality and Safety of Animal Products · China-EU High Level Seminar on Alternatives to In-feed Antibiotics Studies on 30 May, reporter Ruo Nan from the Feedtrade.com had a chance to interview Mr. Rio D. Praaning Prawira Adiningrat, Secretary General of the PA International Foundation in detail on antimicrobial resistance related issues.

PA國際基金會(huì)秘書長(zhǎng)Rio D. Praaning Prawira Adiningrat先生

Rio D. Praaning Prawira Adiningrat, Secretary General of the PA International Foundation

Rio先生首先講了一個(gè)比較沉重的關(guān)于抗生素耐藥性的真實(shí)事情：

在中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所的專家張軍民教授和陳繼蘭教授進(jìn)行發(fā)言，歐盟委員會(huì)衛(wèi)生與食品安全總司司長(zhǎng)Vytenis Andriukaitis博士進(jìn)行發(fā)言，PA協(xié)辦的一次歐洲議會(huì)的會(huì)議上，參會(huì)者有來自歐洲各國的議員、專家、學(xué)者等，有一名來自英國斯托克的清潔工Susan Fallon女士作為開幕式代表進(jìn)行了開幕致辭。她十七歲的兒女Samantha因?yàn)楦腥玖四图籽跷髁纸瘘S色葡萄球菌，但是由于她身體的抗生素耐藥性，使得病情惡化很快并且最終導(dǎo)致器官衰竭而死亡。Susan Fallon用自己的親身經(jīng)歷告訴我們，必須要避免由于抗生素耐藥性引發(fā)的生命的損失。

Mr. Rio first talked about a heartbreaking example about antimicrobial resistance:

During an European Parliament Conference addressed by IAS experts, Prof. Zhang Junmin and Prof. Chen Jilan, and by European Commissioner Dr Vytenis Andriukaitis, in association with PA – the participants were members of the European Parliament, experts and scholars from all European countries – Ms Susan Fallon, a cleaner from Stoke, the United Kingdom, delivered the opening address. She was a representative at the opening ceremony. Her 17-year-old daughter, Samantha, was infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Due to her body's antimicrobial resistance, the condition deteriorated rapidly and eventually led to her organ failure and death. Susan Fallon told us with her own experience that we must avoid the loss of life due to the antimicrobial resistance.

抗生素耐藥性，英文是Antimicrobial Resistance(簡(jiǎn)稱AMR)，指原來對(duì)某抗生素敏感的生物(尤為病原微生物)，經(jīng)突變后，變成對(duì)其高度耐受的特性。我們都了解SARS、埃博拉病毒對(duì)我們?nèi)祟愒斐傻木薮髠?，但是卻不知道如今AMR對(duì)我們?cè)斐傻挠绊憣⒊^癌癥。Rio先生用下面幾個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)告訴了我們AMR的嚴(yán)重性：

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), refers to the characteristics that the original antibiotic-sensitive organisms (especially pathogenic microorganisms), after mutation, become highly resistant to the antibiotics. We all know that the SARS and Ebola viruses caused great harm to humans. But we do not know that the impact of AMR on us will even exceed the impact of cancer. Mr. Rio used the following data telling us the seriousness of AMR:

1、 如果禁止使用促生長(zhǎng)抗生素，預(yù)計(jì)肉食品行業(yè)會(huì)損失1350萬-4410萬美元的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

2、 關(guān)于GDP：到2030年，由于AMR造成GDP的損失預(yù)計(jì)有1.0-3.4萬億美元，到2050年，這個(gè)數(shù)字會(huì)達(dá)到40-120萬億美元。

3、 有專家表示，2010年全球抗生素在農(nóng)業(yè)上的使用量大約是65000噸，到2030年，這個(gè)數(shù)字將達(dá)到20萬噸，因此20年間預(yù)計(jì)增長(zhǎng)217%。

4、 在美國和歐洲，75%的抗生素是用在畜牧業(yè)。

5、 90%的水產(chǎn)品來自于發(fā)展中國家，在水產(chǎn)業(yè)中抗生素的使用時(shí)非常嚴(yán)重的，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)20%的細(xì)菌存在于海水中，而且至少對(duì)5種抗生素可以產(chǎn)生耐藥性;90%的細(xì)菌來源于海水并且對(duì)一種或多種抗生素產(chǎn)生耐藥性。

6、 我們知道埃博拉病毒造成了全球12000人的死亡，但是我們卻不知道每年由于抗生素耐藥性造成歐洲約50000人的死亡!

7、 AMR是一個(gè)全球性的問題，嚴(yán)重程度將遠(yuǎn)超癌癥，如果我們不迅速減少畜牧業(yè)和人用抗生素的使用，每年將有一千萬人死于抗生素耐藥性，到2050年將有3億人累計(jì)死于抗生素耐藥性，即每3秒就有一個(gè)人死于AMR。

1. If forbidden to use growth-promoting antibiotics, it is expected that the meat industry will face 13.5-44.1 million USD economic losses.

2. about GDP: By 2030, the loss of GDP caused by AMR is expected to be 1.0-3.4 trillion USD. By 2050, this figure will reach 40-120 trillion USD.

3. Experts state that the global use of antibiotics in agriculture in 2010 was about 65,000 tons. By 2030, this figure will reach 200,000 tons, thus an expected increase with 217% in 20 years.

4. In the United States and Europe, 75% of antibiotics are used in animal husbandry.

5. 90% of aquatic products come from developing countries. The use of antibiotics in aquaculture is very serious. A research found that 20% of the bacteria exist in the seawater and these bacteria are resistant to at least 5 antibiotics; 90% of the bacteria from seawater are resistant to one or more antibiotics.

6. We know that the Ebola virus has caused 12,000 deaths worldwide, but we do not know that possibly around 50,000 people die in Europe due to antimicrobial resistance every year!

7. AMR is a global problem that will become more serious than cancer. If we do not radically reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry and in human health, 10 million people will die of AMR each year. By 2050, about 300 million people will have died of antimicrobial resistance, which means one person will die of AMR every 3 seconds.

Rio先生也根據(jù)各國在應(yīng)對(duì)抗生素耐藥性問題的措施和方法上，總結(jié)了最有效的幾條措施：

1、 提升公眾的認(rèn)知水平，加強(qiáng)宣傳教育

2、 確保信息的透明度，了解事情進(jìn)展和數(shù)據(jù)真實(shí)性

3、 直接給養(yǎng)殖戶抗生素的替代方案

4、 幫助養(yǎng)殖戶提高管理水平，改善養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境

5、 在產(chǎn)品標(biāo)簽上明確產(chǎn)品的功效

6、 考慮對(duì)抗生素的使用征稅，從而對(duì)抗生素替代品的使用進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼

7、 停止抗生素互聯(lián)網(wǎng)銷售以及作為非處方藥銷售，否則將面臨短短5-7年內(nèi)所有抗生素將失去效力。這將是后抗生素時(shí)代的開始，人類將死于任何感染，手術(shù)將不再可行。

Mr. Rio also summarized some of the most effective measures and actions taken by countries to respond to antimicrobial resistance problems:

1. Raise public awareness and strengthen publicity and education

2. Ensure the transparency of information, and understand the progress of events and data authenticity

3. Provide alternative solutions to antibiotics for the farmers

4. Help farmers to improve their management level and improve the breeding environment

5. Clarify the efficacy of the product on the product label

6. Consider taxing the use of antibiotics and in so doing subsidise the use of alternatives to antibiotics

7. Stop providing antibiotics through the internet and over-the-counter, or face that within a mere 5-7 years all antibiotics will lose their efficacy – the start of the post-antibiotics era where people will die of any infection and medical operations will no longer be possible.

中國飼料行業(yè)信息網(wǎng)若南與PA國際基金會(huì)秘書長(zhǎng)Rio先生合影留念

The photo of Mr. Rio D. Praaning Prawira Adiningrat, Secretary General of the PA International Foundation and Ruo Nan from the Feedtrade.com

PA國際基金會(huì)(Public Advice International Foundation)的任務(wù)是協(xié)助政府和國內(nèi)外機(jī)構(gòu)和企業(yè)分析和解決發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的跨國和跨文化問題，同時(shí)增加公眾對(duì)新技術(shù)的了解，推動(dòng)改善公關(guān)健康、經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和企業(yè)社會(huì)責(zé)任。在2013年首次啟動(dòng)了關(guān)于抗生素耐藥性的調(diào)查，調(diào)查涵蓋150名頂尖專家、政府官員和科研機(jī)構(gòu)，明確了有效應(yīng)對(duì)快速發(fā)展的抗生素耐藥問題的緊迫性。從那時(shí)起，PA國際基金會(huì)每日持續(xù)追蹤全球抗生素耐藥問題最新進(jìn)展，協(xié)助舉辦亞洲、歐洲、北美以及拉丁美洲的多個(gè)國家和地區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)抗生素耐藥性問題的會(huì)議或?qū)ζ渥龀鲐暙I(xiàn)。

The task of the Public Advice International Foundation is to assist Governments and international or national institutions and enterprises in identifying and developing new approaches to trans-boundary and trans-cultural problems; and to bridge gaps of public information regarding new technologies and in particular new ways to promote public health, sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility. In 2013, PA International Foundation conducted a first Global Elite Poll on AMR among 150 top experts, government officials and research institutions to identify the urgency of effectively addressing the rapidly growing AMR problem. Ever since, the PA International Foundation has been monitoring global AMR related news on a daily basis while assisting at or contributing to AMR related conferences throughout Asia, Europe, the USA and Latin America.